ch30 ( Interchange of Exclamatory and Assertive Sentences )
❀ Chapter 30:➾ Interchange of
Exclamatory
and Assertive Sentences ❀
Exclamatory Sentence आश्चर्य, दुख, सुख, आनंद, क्रोध, नफरत, प्रशंसा या इच्छा की तीव्र अभिव्यक्ति है, जिसे सरल एवं स्पष्ट रूप से व्यक्त कर Assertive Sentence में
transform किया जा सकता है। उदाहरण के लिए मान लें कि आप एक सुंदर दृश्य देखते हैं और आपके मुँह से अचानक निकल जाता है— कितना सुंदर यह दृश्य है! How beautiful the scene is! आपका यह कथन एक Exclamatory Sentence है। इसी बात को आप सरल एवं स्पष्ट रूप से कह सकते हैं— यह दृश्य बहुत सुंदर हैं। The scene is very beautiful. और, यह एक Assertive Sentences
(सरल वाक्य) है। अतः Exclamatory Sentences के अर्थ/भाव समझकर उन्हें Assertive Sentences में transform किया जा सकता है और ठीक अभीष्ट प्रक्रिया की विपरीत प्रक्रिया द्वारा Assertive Sentences को Exclamatory Sentences में
transform किया जा सकता है। यहाँ transformation की प्रक्रिया को समझने के लिए कुछ नियम बताए
जा रहे हैं, जिनका गंभीरता से अध्ययन करें।
1. What/How से शुरू होनेवाले Exclamatory Sentence को Assertive में बदलने के नियम—
(a) Assertive Sentence की शुरुआत Subject
+ Verb के शब्द-क्रम से करें।
(b) What/How के बाद adjective/adverb हो, तो What/How के बदले very दें। अगर What के बाद noun आए, तो What के बदले great, fine, lovely, wonderful, strange, peculiar, terrible
इत्यादि में से किसी एक adjective का प्रयोग करें।
(i)
What a good book it is!
It is a
very good book.
(ii)
What a beautiful scene this is!
This is
a very beautiful scene.
(iii)
How fast he runs!
He runs
very fast.
(iv)
How cold it is!
It is
very cold.
(v)
What a problem it is!
It is a
great problem.
(vi)
What a fall it is!
It is a
terrible fall.
It is a
great/big fall.
(vii)
What a piece of work is man!
Man is
a strange piece of work.
Man is
a wonderful piece of work.
(viii) What a creature it is!
It is a peculiar/strange/wonderful creature.
(ix)
What a fool you are!
You are
a great fool.
(x)
What a sight it is!
It is a
lovely sight.
❍ Note:→ यदि Exclamatory Sentences में Subject
तथा Verb लुप्त हो, तो
Assertive में बदलते समय वाक्य
के भाव/अर्थ के अनुसार उपयुक्त Subject तथा Verb अपने मन से दें। जैसे—
(i)
What is a fall!
It was
a great fall./It is a great fall.
(ii)
What a lame excuse.
It is a
very lame excuse.
(iii)
How funny!
It is
very funny.
(iv)
What fun!
It is a
great fun.
(v)
What a place!
It is a
lovely beautiful strange place.
2. यदि इत्यादि में से किसी एक से शुरू होता है, तो में बदलते समय प्रायः से शुरू किया जाता है। जैसे—
(i)
Would that he were alive!
I wish
he were alive.
(ii)
Would that I had not wasted my time when I was young!
I wish
I had not wasted my time when I was young.
(iii) O
that the desert were my dwelling place!
I wish
that the desert were my dwelling place.
(iv) Oh
that I had the wings of a dove!
I wish
that I had the wings of a dove.
(v) O
for a draught of ice-cold water!
I wish
I had a draught of ice-cold water.
(vi) Oh
for a grand palace to live in!
I wish
I had a grand palace to live in.
(vii)
If I could only gain the first prize!
I wish
I could gain the first prize.
I
earnestly desire to gain the first prize.
3. कुछ Exclamatory Sentences Infinitive (to + verb) से शुरू होते हैं। इन्हें It is strange + that clause का रूप देकर Assertive में transform
किया जा सकता है। जैसे—
(i) To
think of our meeting here!
It is
strange that we should meet her.
(ii) To
think of my seeing you here!
It is
strange that I should see you here.
4. कुछ Exclamatory Sentences के दो भाग होते हैं और वे ‘and’ से जुड़े रहते हैं। ऐसे Sentences
का परिवर्तन इस प्रकार होता है— It is + adjective/strange/astonishing/shocking/mean) + that clause
containing should. जैसे—
(i) A
fireman and afraid of sparks!
It is
strange that a fireman should be afraid of sparks.
It is
astonishing that a fireman should be afraid of sparks.
(ii)
Such a man and my husband!
It is
shocking that such a man should be my husband.
5. कुछ Exclamatory Sentences How + Adjective + of से शुरू होते हैं। इन्हें Assertive में बदलने की प्रक्रिया को निम्नलिखित
उदाहरणों द्वारा समझें—
(i) How
kind of him to save me!
He was
kind enough to save me.
(ii)
How foolish of me to marry her!
I was foolish
enough to marry her.
6. कुछ Exclamatory Sentences Alas से शुरू होते हैं। ऐसे Sentences को Assertive में transform करने के लिए
अर्थानुसार It is extremely
sad/It is sad to think से शुरू करें—
(i)
Alas that he died so young!
It is
extremely sad that he died so young.
(ii)
Alas that youth should pass away!
It is
sad to think that youth should pass away.
7. कुछ Sentences के पहले Bravo!/Hurrah!/Fie!/Fie! जैसा Exclamatory
Sound प्रयुक्त रहता है। ऐसे Exclamatory Sound + Sentence को
Affirmative Sentence में इस प्रकार transform किया जा सकता है—
Bravo! + Sentence = It is a matter of praise + that clause
Hurrah!
+
Sentence = It is a matter of joy + that clause
Fie!
Fie! +
Sentence = it is a matter of contempt + that clause
(i)
Bravo! You have a done well.
It is a
matter of praise that you have done well.
(ii)
Hurrah! we have won the match.
It is a
matter of joy that we have won the match.
(iii)
Fie! Fie! You are a thief.
It is a
matter of contempt that you are a thief.
8. Some Peculiar Examples:
1. What would I not give to see her
happy!
I would give anything to see her happy.
2. Too late! Too late! You cannot
enter now.
It is now too late for you to enter.
3. A horse! A horse! My kingdom for a
horse.
A horse I must have, even at the price of my kingdom.
4. Death before dishonour!
It is better to die than to be dishonoured.
5. O what misery awaits a wested
youth!
Nothing can describe the misery that awaits a wasted youth.
6. How are the mighty fhen!
The mighty are indeed fallen.
The mighty are fallen low.
7. Had I but come one hour sooner!
I wish I had come one hour sooner.
8. A student and afraid of books!
It is a pity that a student should be afraid of books.
9. Well done!
That was well done.
You have done well.
The End
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