ch28 ( Interchange of Affirmative and Negative Sentences )

❀ Chapter 28:➾ Interchange of

Affirmative and Negative Sentences ❀

Affirmative Sentence को Negative Sentence (नकारात्मक वाक्य) में तथा Negative Sentence को Affirmative Sentence में transform किया जा सकता है। Transformation कि प्रक्रिया समझने के पहले आप यह जान लें कि Affirmative Sentence तथा Negative Sentence में एक विशेष अंतर क्या है।

Affirmative Sentence में कोई भी negative word प्रयुक्त नहीं रहता है, जबकि Negative Sentence में negative word का रहना आवश्यक होता है। निम्नलिखित प्रमुख negative words है— not, no, none, never, nobody, nothing, neither, nor.

Affirmative Sentence को Negative Sentence में Transform करने के लिए यह आवश्यक है कि वाक्य में इस प्रकार का परिवर्तन लाया जाए, जिससे वाक्य में एक negative word आ जाए और वाक्य के अर्थ/भाव में परिवर्तन भी न हो। इसी प्रकार Negative Sentence को Affirmative Sentence में transform करने के लिए यह आवश्यक है कि वाक्य में इस प्रकार का परिवर्तन लाया जाए, जिससे वाक्य में प्रयुक्त negative word का लोप हो जाए और वाक्य के अर्थ/ भाव में परिवर्तन न हो। इस प्रकार के Interchanging के लिए कुछ उपाय बताए जा रहे हैं, जिन्हें ध्यान से पढ़ें और समझें—

1. वाक्यों में प्रयुक्त प्रमुख शब्द (key-word) के antonym की सहायता से Affirmative को Negative में तथा Negative को Affirmative में बदला जा सकता है। जैसे—

Affirmative	Negative
She is wise.	She is not foolish.
This knife is sharp.	This knife is not blunt.
My friend is a rich man.	My friend is not a poor man.
This is impossible.	This is not possible.
She is innocent.	She is not guilty.
I am always right.	I am never wrong.
I dislike her.	I don’t like her.
He is a clever man.	He is no fool.
I am doubtful.	I am not sure.
He is sometimes careless.	He is not always careful.
Man is mortal.	Man is not immortal.
She is always happy.	She is never unhappy.
I shall remember your kindness.	I shall not forget your kindness.
Negative	Affirmative
Nobody will deny it.	Everybody will admit it.
Lata’s voice is not harsh.	Lata’s voice is sweet.
His son is not intelligent.	His son is dull.
He is not honest.	He is dishonest.
They did not believe the story.	They disbelieved the story.
She did not trust me.	She disturbed me.
He did not lose the match.	He won the match.
Never tell a lie.	Always speak the truth.
I shall never forget you.	I shall always remember you.
My wife is not always foolish.	My wife is sometimes wise.

 

2. Affirmative Sentence को Negative Sentence में transform करने के लिए कभी-कभी दो negative sense वाले words का प्रयोग किया जाता है और ठीक इसके विपरीत प्रक्रिया द्वारा Negative Sentence (नकारात्मक वाक्य) को Affirmative Sentence में transform किया जाता है। जैसे—

Affirmative	Negative
She loves you.	She is not without love for you.
I am hopeful.	I am not without hope.
He is wise.	He is not without wisdom.
Everyone loves you.	There is no one who does not love you.
Every rose has thorn.	There is no rose without a thorn.
He tried every plan.	He left no plan untried.
Everyone who was present there, praised his speech	There was no one present there who did not praise his speech.
Where there is smoke there is fire.	There is no smoke without fire.
Negative	Affirmative
Brutus was not without love for caessar.	Brutus loved Caesar.
He is not without money.	He has money.
There is no good man without certain principles.	Every good man has certain principles.
There was no one present who did not criticize his conduct.	Everyone present criticized his conduct.
He did not leave any notebook uncorrected.	He corrected all the notebooks.
There is no gain without risk.	Every gain his risk.
There is no thunder without lightning.	There is always some lightning before thunder.
There is no boy who is not playing.	All the boys are playing.

 

3. Verb “to fail” का प्रयोग कर/लोप कर कुछ वाक्यों का transformation किया जाता है, जैसे—

Affirmative	Negative
I saw the Red fort.	I did not fail to see the Red Fort.
I played the game.	I did not fail to play the game.
The juggler performed his feats nicely.	The juggler did not fail to perform his feats nicely.
She will help the poor orphan.	She will not fail to help the poor orphan.
When I am late my mother beats me.	My mother does not fail to beat me when I am late.
He must have seen the Tajmahal when he went to Agra	He must not have failed to see the Tajmahal when he went to Agra.
Learn your lesson well.	Don’t fail to learn your lesson well.
He failed to see me when I came in.	He did not/could not see me when I came in.
Negative	Affirmative
He did not fail to see the Tajmahal	He saw the Tajmahal.
I did not fail to thank you him for his help.	I thanked him for his help.
He did not fail to appear at the examination.	He appeared at the examination.
He did not catch the ball.	He failed to catch the ball.

 

4. Affirmative Sentences में प्रयुक्त only/alone को none but में, as soon as को no sooner ........ than में तथा whenever/when को never ......... but में परिवर्तित कर Negative Sentences बनाए जाते हैं। ठीक इसके विपरीत none but को only/alone में, no sooner ........ than को as soon as में तथा never ......... but को whenever/when में परिवर्तित कर Negative Sentences को Affirmative Sentences में परिवर्तित किया जाता है। संक्षेप में इसे ध्यान में रखें—

Only/alone                         ⟺   none but

as soon as                           ⟺   no soone ....... than

Whenever/When              ⟺   never ........ but

Affirmative	Negative
Only the rich can buy this car.	None but the rich can buy this car.
Only a fool would behave like this.	None but a fool would behave like this.
Only a coward would flee from his duty.	None but a coward would flee from his duty.
Only Mohit came to see me.	None but Mohit came to see me.
Only graduates need apply.	None but graduates need apply.
The brave alone deserve the fair.	None but the brave deserves the fair.
As soon as we reached the station, the train whistled off.	No sooner did we reach the station than the train whistled off.
It always pours when it rains.	It never rains but pours.
Whenever I see her I am reminded of my beloved.	I never see her but am reminded of my beloved.
Negative	Affirmative
None but a child could talk like this.	Only a child could talk like this.
None but Ram can do it.	Only Ram can do it.
None but the brave deserves the fair.	Only a mother can love her child so well.
None but a mother can love her child so well.	Only a mother can love her child so well.
No sooner had they heard the bell than they ran away.	As soon as they heard the bell they ran away.
No sooner did he see the lion than he ran away.	As soon as he saw the lion he ran away.
No sooner did I go out than it began to rain.	As soon as I went out, it began to rain.
It never rains but pours.	It always pours when it rains.

 

❍ Note:→ “None but the brave deserves the fair.” अंग्रेजी के महान कवि Dryden की उक्ति है। इस वाक्य में आप चाहें तो deserves के बदले दे सकते हैं। यहाँ वाक्य का Subject, None है the brave नहीं। Subject के रूप में जब None का प्रयोग Countable Noun के संदर्भ में होता है, तब इसके साथ Singular और Plural दोनों में से कोई भी Verb का प्रयोग हो सकता है।

5. कुछ वाक्यों में प्रयुक्त adjectives/adverbs के Degrees of Comparison में परिवर्तन लाकर Affirmative Sentences को Negative में तथा Negative Sentences को Affirmative में transform किया जा सकता है। जैसे—

Affirmative	Negative
Ram is as good as Mohan.	Mohan is not better than Ram.
Sita is more beautiful than Geeta.	Geeta is not as beautiful as Sita.
Suresh is the most intelligent boy of my school.	No other boy of my school is as intelligent as Suresh.
London is richer than any other city in the world.	No other city in the world is as rich as London.
Negative	Affirmative
Ravi is not as rich as Raj.	Raj is richer than Ravi.
He is not wiser than you.	You are as wise as he.
No other boy in the class can sing as well as you can.	You can sing better than any other boy in the class.
No other English dramatist is as great as Shakespeare.	Shakespeare is the greatest English dramatist.
The cat can’t run as fast as the dog can.	The dog can run faster than the cat.

 

6. By using or removing ‘too’

Affirmative	Negative
The news is too good to be true.	The news is so good that it cannot be true.
Negative	Affirmative
He is so honest that he can’t accept a bribe.	He is to honest to accept a bribe.
His services cannot be forgotten.	His services have been too great to be forgotten.

 

7. Miscellaneous Examples:→ कुछ Sentences ऐसे हैं, जिनका interchanging किसी खास नियम से नहीं हो पाता। ऐसे वाक्यों के अर्थ/भाव को समझ कर उपयुक्त word/phrase की सहायता से Affirmative को Negative में तथा Negative को Affirmative में Transform करें। जैसे—

Affirmative	Negative
My brother is a good singer.	My brother is no mean singer.
He is a man of marked intelligence.	He is a man of no mean intelligence.
He abstains from wine.	He does not take wine.
He went to school everyday.	He never absented himself from school.
It is unique.	Nothing is like this.
He lived only a few years in Nepal.	He did not leave many years in Nepal.
All the women wept.	There was no woman but wept.
Only a few men would be cruel to a beggar.	Not many men would be cruel to a beggar.
He seldom goes there.	He does not go there very often.
The two sisters are alike.	The two sisters are not unlike each other.
He won all the matches.	He did not lose a single match.
Negative	Affirmative
His fortune did not improve with time.	His fortune became worse with time.
Don’t smoke.	Refrain from smoking.
She is no fool.	She is a clever woman.
Don’t make a noise.	Keep quiet.
I was asked not to smoke.	I was prohibited from smoking.
We did not find the road very bad.	We found the road fairly good.
Not many persons were present there.	Only a few persons were present there.
There is nothing similar in the world	Everything is dissimilar in the world.

 

The End

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