ch26 ( Voice )
❀ Chapter 26:➾ Voice ❀
✺ What is Voice ?
✤ Voice is the form of verb
used in a sentence to show that either the subject does something or something
happens to the subject himself.
✤ That form of the verb is
called voice which signifies to be according to its subject or action or
emotion.
✤ Voice किसी वाक्य में प्रयुक्त Verb का वह रूप है, जो यह दिखाता है कि या तो कर्ता कुछ करता है या स्वयं कर्ता पर ही कुछ घटित होता है।
✤ क्रिया के उस रूप को वाच्य कहा जाता हैं, जिससे उसके कर्ता या कर्म या भाव के अनुसार होने का बोध होता है।
✤ क्रिया के उस परिवर्तन को वाच्य कहते हैं, जिसके द्वारा इस बात का बोध होता है कि वाक्य के अन्तर्गत कर्ता, कर्म या भाव में से किसकी प्रधानता है।
Example:→
Active
Passive
Ram eats a mango. A mango is eaten by Ram.
He loves me. I am loved by him.
Ram teaches. Ram is taught.
✺ How many types of Voice ?
✤ There
are two types of Voice.
(1.) Active Voice (कर्तृवाच्य)
(2.) Passive Voice (कर्मवाच्य)
❖ (1.) Active Voice:→ A verb is said to be in the active voice when its form shows that the person
or thing denoted by the subject does something.
✤ यदि किसी वाक्य का कर्ता क्रिया का संपादन करता है, तो उस वाक्य में प्रयुक्त Verb को Active Voice में होना समझा जाता है।
❖ (2.) Passive Voice:→ A verb
is said to be in the passive voice when its form shows that something is done
to the person or thing denoted by the subject.
✤ यदि वाक्य का कर्ता सक्रिय नहीं है, क्रिया का संपादन नहीं करता बल्कि क्रिया उसी पर संपादित होती हैं, तो प्रयुक्त Verb को Passive Voice में होना समझा जाता हैं।
Use of
Passive Voice
किसी वाक्य का construction Active Voice में हो या Passive Voice में, इसका निर्णय इस बात पर निर्भर करता है कि हम किस पर ज्यादा जोर देना चाहते हैं या हम किससे ज्यादा interested हैं या किससे वाक्य को शुरू करना ज्यादा natural/proper/convincing
है —
doer of the action या receiver of the action। अगर doer of the action वस्तु-स्थिति को स्पष्ट करने के लिए ज्यादा महत्वपूर्ण है, तो Active Voice का प्रयोग होगा और अगर Verb activity/object/receiver of the
action ज्यादा महत्वपूर्ण है, तो Passive Voice का प्रयोग होगा।
अगर आप doer
of the action का उल्लेख नहीं करना चाहते हो या doer
of the action unknown/vague/ common figure हो, तो Passive Construction ही ज्यादा उपयुक्त होगा।
इस प्रकार Passive Voice का प्रयोग होने पर doer of the action का importance कम हो जाता है या समाप्त ही हो जाता है। हमारा main interest
receiver of the action तथा verb activity पर चला जाता हैं।
Active Voice को Passive
Voice में बदलने का नियम
Active Voice को Passive Voice में बदलने के लिए कुछ निम्नलिखित नियम इस प्रकार है—
1. Active Voice का Object, Passive Voice में Subject
के स्थान पर रखा जाता है। इस
Passive Subject के Number,
Person और
Verb के Tense
के अनुसार Auxiliary Verb का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
2. Active Voice के Main Verb को V3 (Past Participle) में बदलकर इसके पहले Verb ‘To be’ का कोई Form
(am, is, are, was, were इत्यादि में से कोई एक) Tense के अनुसार प्रयोग
किया जाता है।
3. Active Voice के Subject को Passive Voice के Verb का Agent बना दिया जाता है। अगर यह Agent Sentence के Meaning
को स्पष्ट करने के लिए आवश्यक प्रतीक होता है तो उसे Sentence के अंत में by या अन्य Preposition लगाकर रख दिया जाता है, अन्यथा इसे हटा दिया जाता है।
❍ Note 1:→ Pronoun जब subject के रूप में प्रयुक्त होता हैं, तब वह Nominative Case में रहता हैं और जब Object के रूप में प्रयुक्त होता हैं, तब वह Objective Case में रहता हैं।
Nominative Case : I, we, you, he, she,
it, they
Objective Case : me, us, you, him, her,
it, them
❍ Note 2:→ Active से Passive बनाते समय agent का प्रयोग तभी करें जब agent का प्रयोग वाक्य के अर्थ को स्पष्ट करने के लिए अत्यंत आवश्यक हो। इस संदर्भ में कुछ विद्वानों ने यहाँ तक सलाह दी है कि ऐसे वाक्यों को सिर्फ Active Voice में ही प्रयोग करें, जिनके Passive में agent का प्रयोग करना आवश्यक हो, क्योंकि अगर agent को दर्शाना वाक्य के अर्थ को स्पष्ट करने के लिए आवश्यक है, तो वैसे वाक्यों को
Passive Voice में लिखा ही क्यों जाए ? परंतु आप इतना ही याद रखें कि जब Active Verb का Subject nobody, someone, somebody, one, people या अन्य vague noun/pronoun
में से कोई एक हो, तो Passive Verb के साथ इनका लोप हो जाता हैं। कुछ वाक्यों में I, we,
you, they, he, she, a man, a boy, जैसे agent को भी आवश्यकतानुसार Passive Verb के साथ लोप कर दिया जाता हैं। अतः आप वाक्य के अर्थ को समझते हुए यह निर्णय लें कि अभीष्ट Passive Sentence में agent का प्रयोग आवश्यक है या नहीं।
❍ Note 3:→ केवल Transitive Verb का ही Passive Voice होता है। अतः इन वाक्यों की क्रियाएँ Passive Voice में नहीं है—
He is gone.
He is come.
They are arrived.
Winter is come.
परंतु इन वाक्यों की क्रियाएँ Passive Voice में हैं।
The chair is broken.
He is beaten.
इसलिए ऐसे वाक्यों के Verbs को Passive Voice में नहीं बदला जा सकता है, जो Intransitive है—
I am going to school.
He read in class X.
He has gone to Patna.
They are good boys.
They are good girls.
✺ अब हम भिन्न-भिन्न प्रकार के Tenses के Active
Verbs को Passive में बदलने की प्रक्रिया पर विचार करेंगे।
Present
Tense
(1.) Present Indefinite Tense
A.V. Form:→ [S + V1/V5(s/es) + O + C.]
P.V. Form:→ [O + am/is/are + V3 + by + S.]
Example:→
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
He helps me. |
I am helped by him. |
|
I eat a mango. |
A mango is eaten by me. |
|
Ram eats a mango. |
A mango is eaten by Ram. |
|
Ram eats mangoes. |
Mangoes are written by
Ram. |
|
I like it. |
It is liked by me. |
|
I love you. |
You are loved by me. |
|
She helps them. |
They are helped by her. |
|
I help you. |
You are helped by me. |
|
He loves her. |
She is loved by him. |
|
She teaches you. |
You are taught by her. |
|
We respect him. |
He is respected by us. |
|
People speak Hindi in
Bihar. |
Hindi is spoken in Bihar. |
|
We expect good news. |
Good news is expected. |
❍ Note:→ इन वाक्यों पर विचार करें—
1. Active
Voice She loves me.
Passive
Voice I am loved by her.
2. Active Voice People speak Hindi in Bihar.
Passive Voice Hindi is spoken in Bihar.
यहाँ प्रथम वाक्य के Passive में by + agent (by her) का प्रयोग हुआ है, जो आवश्यक है। दूसरे वाक्य के
Passive में by + agent (by people) का प्रयोग नहीं हुआ है क्योंकि यहाँ Passive Sentence के अर्थ को स्पष्ट करने के लिए by + agent देना आवश्यक नहीं है। Active से
Passive बनाते समय
Agent का प्रयोग तभी किया जाता है जब agent का प्रयोग वाक्य के अर्थ को स्पष्ट करने के लिए अत्यंत आवश्यक होता है। जब Active Verb का Subject one, someone, nobody, somebody, people या अन्य vague/understood/common
Subject रहता है, तब
Passive Verb प्रयुक्त होने पर I, we, you, they, he, she, a man, a boy जैसे agents का भी आवश्यकतानुसार Passive Verb प्रयुक्त होने पर लोप कर दिया जाता है। अतः आप वाक्य के अर्थ को समझते हुए Passive Sentence में Agent का प्रयोग आवश्यक है या नहीं।
Solved Examples:→
1. Active Voice We expect good news.
Passive Voice Good news is expected.
2. Active Voice No one respects a dishonest man
in our society.
Passive Voice A dishonest man is not respected in
our society.
3. Active Voice In India, people worship the cow.
Passive Voice In India, the cow is worshipped.
(2.) Present Continuous Tense
A.V. Form:→ [S + am/is/are + V4 (v-ing) + O + C.]
P.V. Form:→ [O + am/is/are + being + V3 + by + S.]
Example:→
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
I am eating a mango. |
A mango is being eaten by
me. |
|
They are singing songs. |
Songs are being sung (by
them). |
|
They are repairing the
bridge. |
The bridge is being
repaired. |
|
He is helping his mother. |
His mother is being
helped by him. |
|
They are discussing the
matter. |
The matter is being
discussed. |
|
She is teaching us. |
We are being taught by
her. |
|
Mohan is helping her. |
She is being helped by
Mohan. |
|
She is vexing me. |
I am being vexed by her. |
|
They are doing it. |
It is being done by them. |
|
They are cutting the old trees. |
The old trees are being cut. |
|
He was teaching me. |
I am being taught by him. |
(3.) Present Perfect Tense
A.V. Form:→ [S + have/has + V3 + O + C.]
P.V. Form:→ [O + have/has + been + V3 + by + S.]
Example:→
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
I have finished the work. |
The work has been
finished by me. |
|
He has beaten Ram. |
Ram has been beaten by
him. |
|
Her sister has cheated
her. |
She has been cheated by
her sister. |
|
Ram has disturbed me. |
I have been disturbed by
Ram. |
|
Someone has stolen my
pen. |
My pen has been stolen. |
|
He has always helped me. |
I have always been helped
by him. |
|
He has eaten a mango. |
A mango has been eaten by
him. |
|
I
have eaten a mango. |
A
mango has been eaten by me. |
|
She
has finished the work. |
The
work has been finished by her. |
|
They
have cheated me. |
I
have been cheated by them. |
|
She
has helped us. |
We
have been helped by her. |
|
He
has cut his finger. |
His
finger has been cut. |
|
They
have published the result. |
The
result has been published. |
|
No
one has seen him for the last ten years. |
He
has not been seen for the last ten years. |
|
Someone
has pushed the chair into the corner. |
The
chair has been pushed into the corner. |
Solved Examples:→
1. Active Voice Someone has stolen my car.
Passive Voice My car has been stolen.
2. Active Voice No one has seen that mad man for
ten days.
Passive Voice That mad man has not been seen for
ten days.
मूल वाक्य का
Subject ‘No one’ रहने की वजह से Passive Sentence के Verb को Negative बनाया गया है।
(4.) Present Perfect Continuous Tense
A.V. Form:→ [S + have/has + been + V4 + O + C.]
P.V. Form:→ [O + have/has + been + being + V3 + by + S.]
Example:→
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
They have been teaching
you. |
You have been being
taught by them. |
|
They have you been doing the research for
years. |
The search has been being
done years. |
|
I have been eating a
mango. |
A mango has been being
eaten by me. |
|
We
have
been
digging
the
well
for
ten
years. |
The
well
has
been
being
dug
for
ten
years. |
❍ Note:→ Present Perfect Continuous
Tense के Passive form का प्रयोग uncommon हैं। परंतु अगर आवश्यकतावश करना पड़े, तो ऊपर बताए गए तरीके से होगा। ऐसा कहना गलत है कि Present Perfect Continuous
Tense का Passive
form होता ही नहीं है।
Past Tense
(1.) Past Indefinite Tense
A.V. Form:→ [S + V2 + O + C.]
P.V. Form:→ [O + was/were + V3 + by + S.]
Example:→
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
I ate a mango. |
A mango was eaten by me. |
|
I ate four mangoes. |
Four mangoes were eaten
by me. |
|
I ate some mangoes. |
Some mangoes were eaten
by me. |
|
The police arrested him. |
He was arrested. |
|
Someone stole my pen. |
My pen was stolen. |
|
The peon opened the gate. |
The gate was opened by
the peon. |
|
He wrote the letters. |
The letters were written
by him. |
|
She beat you. |
You were beaten by her. |
|
He wrote the letter beautifully. |
The letter was beautifully written. |
❍ Note:→ यदि Verb Passive Voice में हो, तो Adverb of Manner को उस Verb के पहले रखना चाहिए, जिसको वह modify करता है।
(2.) Past Continuous Tense
A.V. Form:→ [S + was/were + V4 + O + C.]
P.V. Form:→ [O + was/were + being + V3 + by + S.]
Example:→
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
He was teaching me. |
I was being taught by
him. |
|
She was vexing him. |
He was being vexed by
her. |
|
He was watching them. |
They were being watched
by him. |
|
The
doctor was examining the patients. |
The
patients were being examined. |
|
They
were killing animals for nothing. |
Animals
were being killed for nothing. |
|
He was
eating a mango. |
A mango
was being eaten by him. |
|
She was
supporting me. |
I was
being supported by her. |
(3.) Past Perfect Tense
A.V. Form:→ [S + had + V3 + O + C.]
P.V.Form:→ [O + had + been + V3 + by + S.]
Example:→
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
I had written the letter. |
The letter had been
written by me. |
|
I had informed the
police. |
The police had been
informed by me. |
|
Somebody had stolen my
umbrella. |
My umbrella had been
stolen. |
|
They had warned us again and again. |
We had been warned again and again. |
|
Ram had completed the work. |
The work had been completed by Ram. |
|
I had done the work. |
The work had been done by me. |
|
She had written the letter. |
The letter had been written by her. |
|
She had informed us. |
We had been informed by her. |
|
Somebody had stolen my pen. |
The work had been completed by Ram. |
(4.) Past Perfect Continuous Tense
A.V. Form:→ [S + had + been + V4 + O + C.]
P.V. Form:→ [O + had + been + being + V3 + by + S.]
Example:→
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
The police had been
following him for years. |
He had been being
followed for years. |
❍ Note:→ Past Perfect Continuous
Tense के Passive form का प्रयोग uncommon हैं। परंतु अगर आवश्यकतावश करना पड़े, तो ऊपर बताए गए तरीके से होगा।
Future
Tense
(1.) Simple Future Tense
A.V. Form:→ [S + shall/will + V1 + O + C.]
P.V. Form:→ [O + shall/will + be + V3 + by + S.]
Example:→
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
I shall help you. |
You will be helped by me. |
|
She will teach me. |
I shall be taught by her. |
|
He will do it. |
It will be done by him. |
|
Ali will type it. |
It will be typed by Ali. |
|
People will forget it. |
It will be forgotten. |
|
We shall discuss the matter tomorrow. |
The matter will be discussed
tomorrow. |
|
We will execute all the orders
promptly. |
All the orders will be promptly
executed. |
|
They will publish two books in June. |
Two books will be published in June. |
|
No one will solve your problem. |
Your problem will not be solved. |
|
They will start the show in two
months. |
The show will be started in two
months. |
(2.) Future Continuous Tense
A.V. Form:→ [S + shall/will + be + V4 + O + C.]
P.V. Form:→ [O + shall/will + be + being + V3 + by + S.]
Example:→
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
I shall be doing this. |
This will be being done
(by me). |
|
They will be helping us. |
We shall be being helped. |
❍ Note:→ Future Continuous Tense के Passive form का प्रयोग uncommon हैं। परंतु अगर आवश्यकतावश करना पड़े, तो ऊपर बताए गए तरीके से होगा।
(3.) Future Perfect Tense
A.V. Form:→ [S + shall/will + have + V3 + O + C.]
P.V. Form:→ [O + shall/will + have + been + V3 + by + S.]
Example:→
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
I shall have written the
book. |
The book will have been
written by me. |
|
They will have informed
us. |
We shall have been
informed. |
|
They will have done the
work by June 2020. |
The work will have been
done by June 2020. |
|
They will have informed us. |
We shall have been informed. |
|
The government will have built ten
thousand houses for the poor by the end of next year. |
Ten thousand houses will have been
built for the built for the poor by the end of next year. |
(4.) Future Perfect Continuous Tense
A.V. Form:→ [S + shall/will + have + been + V4 + O + C.]
P.V. Form:→ [O + shall/will + have + been + being + V3 + by + S.]
Example:→
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
We shall have been
building the fort fort five years. |
The fort will have been
being built for five years. |
❍ Note:→ Future Continuous Tense के Passive form का प्रयोग uncommon हैं। परंतु अगर आवश्यकतावश करना पड़े, तो ऊपर बताए गए तरीके से होगा।
1. Model Verbs: Passive Form
shall, will, can, could, may, might,
should, would, must, ought इत्यादि modal auxiliaries है। जब इनके बाद active verb रहता है, तब प्रयुक्त verb को
passive में बदलने के लिए निम्नलिखित
form का प्रयोग करते हैं— modal auxiliary + be + V3
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
They will kill the bird. |
The bird will be killed
(by them.) |
|
They will kill the tiger. |
The tiger will be killed
(by them.) |
|
I can lift it. |
It can be lifted by me. |
|
They could solve the
problem. |
The problem could be
solved. |
|
He may defeat you. |
You may be defeated by
him. |
|
You must help your
brother. |
Your brother must be
helped. |
|
One should keep one’s
promises. |
Promises should be kept. |
|
He could kill the bird. |
The bird could be killed
by him. |
|
He could kill the lion. |
The lion could be killed
by him. |
|
We should help the poor. |
The poor should be
helped. |
|
None can challenge him. |
He cannot be challenged. |
|
Anybody can easily break
this stick. |
This stick can be easily
broken. |
|
Everyone will blame us. |
We shall be blamed by
everyone. |
|
We must help the poor. |
The poor must be helped. |
|
We shall take her to
hospital tomorrow. |
She will be taken to
hospital tomorrow. |
|
You must write the
answers in ink. |
The answers must be
written in ink. |
2. Passive Form of Modal Auxiliary + have + V3
यदि Verb
Phrase का रूप Active
Voice में modal
auxiliary + have + V3 हो, तो
Passive Voice में इसका form होगा— modal auxiliary + have been + V3
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
We shall have discussed
the matter. |
The matter will have been
discussed. |
|
You should have helped
her. |
She should have been
helped (by you). |
|
I could have beaten her. |
She could have been
beaten by me. |
|
You must have done that. |
That must have been done
by you. |
|
They ought to have
respected the priest. |
The priest ought to have
been respected. |
|
No one could possibly have known the fact. |
The fact could not
possibly have been known. |
|
Somebody must have taken
my watch when the light was off. |
My watch must have been
taken when the light was off. |
3. यदि Verb Phrase की बनावट am/is/are/was/were/have/has/had + infinitive (to + verb) हो, तो
Passive Voice में इसका रूप होगा—
am/is/are/was/were/have/has/had + to be + V3
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
I am to do it. |
It is to be done by me. |
|
I was to do it. |
It was to be done by me. |
|
I had to do it. |
It had to be done by me. |
|
My father is to buy a car. |
A car is to be bought by my father. |
|
The teacher was to teach us. |
We were to be taught by the teacher. |
|
They had to build the bridge. |
The bridge had to be built. |
4. There + Verb + noun (subject) + Infinitive.
[Passive form:→ There + verb + noun + to be + V3]
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
There is no time to lose. |
There is no time to be lost. |
|
There was a lot of work to do. |
There was a lot of work to be. |
|
There is no money to waste. |
There is no money to be wasted. |
|
There is nothing to weep for. |
There is nothing to be wept for. |
5. It + verb + noun + Infinitive + object.
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
It is time to take exercise. |
It is time for exercise to be taken. |
|
It is now time to start the race. |
It is now time for the race to be
started. |
|
It is time to say our prayers. |
It is time for our prayers to be
said. |
|
|
|
|
I want to someone to take
photographs. |
I want photographs to be taken. |
|
I like people to respect me. |
I like to be respected. |
|
They have to see it to believe it. |
It has to be same to be believd. |
6. Imperative Sentences Expressing Order/Command
जब Imperative Sentences से order/command का बोध होता है, तब हम Active Verb को Passive में बदलने के लिए Let से वाक्य शुरू किया जाता है और अभीष्ट object के बाद be + V3 का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे—
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
Do this work. |
Let this work be done. |
|
Bring a glass of water. |
Let a glass of water be brought. |
|
Open the door. |
Let the door be opened. |
|
Switch on the radio. |
Let the radio be switched on. |
|
Don’t pluck the flowers. |
Let the flowers not be plucked. |
|
Inform the police of the accident. |
Let the police be informed of the
accident. |
|
Don’t touch this wire. |
Let this wire not be touched. |
|
Give the order. |
Let the order be given. |
6. Imperative Sentences Expressing
Advice
जब Imperative Sentence से advice (सलाह) भाव का व्यक्त होता है, तब Passive Form को Let से शुरू नहीं करते हैं, बल्कि वाक्य को इस रूप में
परिवर्तित करते हैं— Subject + should + be + V3
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
Love
your country. |
Your
country should be loved. |
|
Help
the poor. |
The
poor should be helped. |
|
Help
your neighbours. |
Your
neighbours should be helped. |
|
Don’t
be daunted by danger. |
You
should not be doubted by danger. |
|
Don’t
insult the poor. |
The
poor should not be insulted. |
❍ Note:→ कुछ Sentence ऐसे होते हैं, जिन से यह स्पष्ट
नहीं होता है कि ये order हैं या advice. ऐसे Sentences को Rule No. 5 Rule No. 6 से बनाएँ।
7. यदि वाक्य Let से शुरू हो, तो उसे इस प्रकार Passive में बदलें—
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
Let him
complete the work. |
Let the
work be completed by him. |
|
Let us
discuss the matter. |
Let the
matter be discussed. |
|
Let us
work together. |
It is
suggested that we should work together. |
|
Let us
dance. |
It is
suggested that we should dance. |
8. यदि Imperative Sentence के साथ Please/Kindly का प्रयोग हो, तो
Passive Verb Form के लिए वाक्य को You are requested to से शुरू करें।
Please/Kindly का लोप कर शेष भाग को You are requested to के बाद जोड़ दें। जैसे—
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
Kindly post the letter. |
You are requested to post the letter. |
|
Take your chair, please. |
You are requested to take your chair. |
|
Please sit down. |
You are requested to sit down. |
|
Please come in. |
You are requested to come in. |
9. यदि Imperative Sentence, Intransitive Verb (अकर्मक क्रिया) से शुरू होता है, तो Sentence को Passive Construction देने के लिए You are ordered/You are advised का प्रयोग करते हैं। जैसे—
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
Stand up. |
You are ordered to stand up. |
|
Go there. |
You are ordered to go there. |
|
Work hard. |
You are advised to work hard. |
10. Passive of Indirect Command/Request/Advice
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
He asked Mohan to help him. |
Mohan was asked to help him. |
|
I requested her to sing a song. |
She was requested to sing a song. |
|
The doctor advised me to take medicine in time. |
I was advised to take medicine in
time. |
|
They told me to be quick. |
I was told to be quick. |
|
Somebody told me to wait outside. |
I was told to wait outside. |
|
He ordered the police to pursue the
thief. |
The police was ordered to pursue the
thief. |
11. Subject + Verb + Noun +
Infinitive (without to)
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
I saw Ram play. |
Ram was seen to play by me. |
|
I found him swim. |
He was found to swim by me. |
|
I made him weep. |
He was made to weep by me. |
|
They made me laugh. |
I was made to laugh. |
|
They made me sing. |
I was made to sing. |
|
We saw the plane take off. |
The plan was seen to take off. |
12. Subject + Verb + Object +
Complement
कुछ वाक्यों
(Sentence) में Transitive Verb के object के ठीक बाद एक complement रहता है। ऐसे
Verbs के passive transformation के समय उस object
को नए वाक्य का
subject बना दिया जाता है और complement
को Verb के बाद रख दिया जाता है। जैसे—
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
We made him chairman. |
He was made chairman. |
|
They elected Mukesh captain. |
Mukesh was elected captain. |
|
They made him king. |
He was made king. |
|
I found him guilty of murder. |
He was find guilty of murder. |
|
We did not crown him king. |
He was not crowned king. |
7. जब Active Verb के साथ Preposition या adverb रहता है, तब Passive बनाते समय प्रयुक्त preposition/ adverb का लोप नहीं किया जाता है।
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
He
looks after me. |
I am
looked after by him. |
|
They
will look after you well. |
You
will be will looked after. |
|
All his
friends laugh at him. |
He is
laughed at by all his friends. |
|
We must
listen to our elders. |
Our
elders must be listened to. |
|
A car
ran over my cat. |
My cat
was run over by (a car). |
|
Mothers
bring up children. |
Children
are brought up my mothers. |
|
They
objected to his proposal. |
His
proposal was objected to. |
|
We must
right to him. |
He must
be written to. |
|
The
thief broke into the house. |
The
house was broken into. |
|
We
threw him out. |
He was
thrown out. |
|
We must
look into the matter. |
The
matter must be looked into. |
7. कुछ passive verbs के साथ by का प्रयोग नहीं
होता है। agent के पहले by के बदले उपयुक्त preposition का प्रयोग करना पड़ता है, जिसका चयन अभीष्ट verb पर निर्भर करता है। जैसे—
|
Active Form |
Passive Form |
|
I know
it. |
It is
known to me. |
|
He
satisfied me. |
I was
satisfied with him. |
|
The
result surprised me. |
I was
surprised at the result. |
|
His
behaviour shocked me. |
I was
shocked at his behaviour. |
|
He
pleased me. |
I was
pleased with him. |
|
The
book has interested me very much. |
I have
been very much interested in this book. |
The End
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